Exposure to green spaces may strengthen resilience and support mental health in the face of the covid-19 pandemic
نویسندگان
چکیده
Background Several recent trials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have assessed the effectiveness of fluticasone–salmeterol combination inhaler preventing COPD exacerbations, while finding an increased risk pneumonia. The number needed to treat (NNT) is a simple measure perform comparative benefit–risk impact, but its calculation involving repeated outcome events such as exacerbations has been incorrect. We describe proper methods calculate NNT and, using data from published trials, apply them evaluate relative impact treatment on and pneumonias patients with COPD. Methods review fundamental definition quantify it for situations varying follow-up times. ‘event-based’ NNT, proposed used event outcomes, show inaccuracy, use provide approximate formula application. Results that 1-year trial versus salmeterol incorrect event-based approach two need be treated 1 year prevent one exacerbation, when results 14. In contrast, 20 induce pneumonia case. For TORCH trial, 44 3 years exacerbation compared 16 Conclusions useful effect drugs, essential misleading clinical practice guidelines.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: BMJ
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0959-8138']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1601